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#HEALTH: The coming of the "snake"

MANY people contract chickenpox in childhood, and decades later, the virus can reactivate, causing what is colloquially referred to as "the snake".

The term "growing snakes" is often used to describe shingles — also known as herpes zoster — a common condition that causes a painful rash that can resemble a snake coiling along the skin.

In Chinese, it is called "sheng se" (growing snakes), while in Malay, it is known as "kayap ular".

Shingles is caused by the varicella zoster virus. After one contracts chickenpox as a child, the virus quietly remains in the body, hiding in the nerve ganglia. Once the chickenpox infection resolves, the virus does not leave; instead, it "retreats" and waits for the right moment to reactivate.

Shingles symptoms can be categorised into early and later stages. Initially, it may be hard to recognise, but as it progresses, the symptoms become much more obvious, says Subang Jaya Medical Centre consultant dermatologist Dr Ch'ng Chin Chwen.

Before the rash appears, the affected area may feel painful or tingly. Some people experience a burning sensation or discomfort akin to being pricked by needles. This early stage may also include mild systemic symptoms, such as a slight fever or fatigue.

A few days later, the skin becomes red and small blisters form, grouped together like a "snake" coiling along the skin.

Dr Ch'ng says these blisters typically follow the path of a nerve on one side of the body, such as the chest, waist, back, or face.

The good news is that the "snake" stays on one side of the body and does not cross the midline.

Some people may experience lingering pain, even after the rash has healed. This condition, known as postherpetic neuralgia, can last for weeks, months, or even longer. It is more common in older adults.

"In most cases, shingles is troublesome but not life-threatening, and most people recover with timely treatment. However, there are some situations that require special attention."

Dr Ch'ng says if the rash appears near the eyes or nose, it is important to see a doctor immediately, as it could affect the eyes and even lead to blindness. For individuals with significantly weakened immune systems, such as cancer patients or those taking immune-suppressing drugs, the condition may be more severe and requires careful monitoring and treatment.

ADDRESSING SHINGLES

Antiviral medications can inhibit the virus from multiplying and shorten the duration of the illness.

"The earlier you start treatment, ideally within 72 hours of the first symptoms, the more effective the results."

Doctors may also prescribe regular painkillers or medications specifically for nerve pain.

The key to effective treatment is early intervention, stresses Dr Ch'ng.

The sooner one starts treatment, the lower the risk of complications and long-term pain.

Vaccination is also available for shingles and it is recommended for people aged 50 and older, especially those with chronic health conditions, high stress levels, or weakened immune systems.

A balanced diet, regular exercise, adequate sleep and managing stress are all essential for strengthening the immune system.

ARE YOU AT RISK?

SHINGLES is often linked to the state of the immune system, and several factors can trigger its reactivation. These include:

Weakened immunity

This is the most common cause. Whether due to lack of sleep, high stress, or illness, once the immune system weakens, the virus can find its way to "fight back".

Ageing

The risk of developing shingles increases significantly after the age of 50, as the immune system naturally weakens with age.

Chronic Conditions

Conditions like diabetes, cancer, or long-term inflammation can make the immune system weaker and more susceptible to shingles.

Medications

Long-term use of immune-suppressing medications, such as those used for rheumatoid arthritis or lupus, or during chemotherapy, can increase the risk of shingles.

Psychological stress

Prolonged stress is often overlooked, but can also be a trigger for the virus to reactivate.

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