THE link between diet and cancer has been well established. We now know that high consumption of red meat and processed foods increases the risk of various types of cancer.
Similarly, overconsumption of salt-cured foods has been documented as a risk factor for nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC).
It is a type of cancer that starts in the nasopharynx, the upper part of the throat behind the nose.
It is more common in certain parts of Asia, including Malaysia, says Gleneagles Hospital Kuala Lumpur consultant oncologist Dr Santhi Nadarajan.
Symptoms include a lump in the neck, nasal congestion, nosebleeds and hearing problems. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for better outcomes.
"Salt-cured foods, such as salted fish and meat, contain nitrosamines, which are chemicals that can cause cancer. This dietary habit is particularly prevalent in certain Asian cultures," Dr Santhi says.
Eating a diet high in salt-cured foods, is strongly linked to an increased risk of NPC, she adds.
Instead, consuming more fresh fruits and vegetables that provide protective nutrients and antioxidants and having a balanced diet will reduce the risk.
Avoiding smoking and limiting alcohol consumption also significantly contribute to lowering one's overall cancer risk.
Dr Santhi says besides diet, exposure to harmful chemicals also poses a risk, especially if one works in an environment where one is constantly exposed to wood dust and formaldehyde.
In such situations, she says, wearing proper protective gear is crucial to prevent exposure.
Treatment for NPC typically includes radiation therapy, which is often the main treatment, especially in the early stages.
Dr Santhi says chemotherapy may also be used in combination with radiation therapy. Surgery is less common, but may be used in specific situations.
THE SIGNS
IF you experience any of these symptoms persistently, you should see a doctor:
• A lump in the neck
• Constant nasal congestion or stuffiness
• Frequent nosebleeds
• Hearing loss or ringing in the ears
• Headaches
• Blurred or double vision
These symptoms can be caused by other conditions, but it's important to get them checked out to rule out nasopharyngeal cancer.