Malaysia is a maritime nation. The Strait of Malacca, South China Sea and Sulu-Celebes Sea play a critical role in the nation's security, economy and environmental sustainability.
More than 90 per cent of Malaysia's trade in goods are shipped by sea. So protecting these waters is essential for maintaining national sovereignty, securing economic interests and promoting regional stability.
The National Institute of Public Administration (Intan) conducted a Minister's Conversation forum recently on the importance of maritime security for the nation's survival.
The Strait of Malacca is one of the world's busiest shipping lanes, facilitating the passage of thousands of vessels annually.
The South China Sea, rich in marine resources and hydrocarbon reserves, is another area of economic interest.
The fishing industry, crucial for livelihoods and national food security, depends on these waters. Additionally, the potential for substantial oil and gas reserves in the region underscores the economic stakes.
Safeguarding maritime waters is intrinsically linked to preserving national sovereignty and territorial integrity.
The South China Sea, in particular, is a hotspot for territorial disputes involving China, the Philippines, Vietnam and Malaysia.
Malaysia's ability to assert territorial claims and protect maritime boundaries is vital for maintaining its sovereignty.
Failure to do so could lead to encroachments, which will compromise national security and weaken Malaysia's position in regional and international affairs.
Several security threats challenge Malaysia's maritime sovereignty, including piracy, illegal fishing, smuggling, illegal migrants and territorial disputes.
Illegal fishing not only depletes marine resources but also undermines the livelihoods of communities.
Smuggling and illegal migrants complicate security efforts.
Territorial issues, particularly in the South China Sea, add another layer of complexity. These can escalate into conflicts, threatening regional stability.
Ensuring a robust maritime security framework is crucial for deterring aggressors and maintaining peace.
In this matter, the Total Defence (Hanruh) approach plays a pivotal role in maintaining maritime security.
The role of enforcement agencies, such as the Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency, marine police and Customs, cannot be over-emphasised.
Equipping these agencies with advanced vessels and surveillance systems is essential.
Investing in technologies, such as unmanned aerial vehicles, drones and maritime patrol aircraft, can boost surveillance and reconnaissance capabilities.
Regional cooperation is equally important.
Malaysia's effort to strengthen ties with neighbouring countries and engage in maritime exercises, intelligence sharing, and coordinated patrols can be expanded.
Platforms, such as Asean, Asean Regional Forum and Five Power Defence Arrangements, provide avenues for collaboration and bolster our defence strategies.
Additionally, partnerships with international allies can offer technological assistance, training and strategic support.
Persistent measures to advocate for peaceful resolution of disputes through international forums and arbitration mechanisms are welcome.
Diplomatic engagement with neighbouring countries to establish clear maritime boundaries and cooperative agreements can mitigate conflicts.
This includes upholding regulations against illegal fishing.
Addressing environmental threats, such as marine pollution and climate change, through national and regional initiatives is essential.
So is a comprehensive approach that includes boosting defence and enforcement capabilities, regional cooperation, legal and diplomatic efforts, and sustainable practices.
The writer is senior research fellow, National Institute of Public Administration (Intan)